Lacquer emulsion



will act as plasticizers in the lm and'will, ofV

course, be compatible therewith.

The nitrocellulose used in my Vvemulsions "may A nitrocellulose'solvent having they characteristics indicated may be included in the aqueous Y' phase of emulsions in .accordance with this inventionfinquantity within a rangeof from about to about 40%. Theamount of'organic liquid added to the aqueous phase of any given emulsion will bedictated primarily by the be- `havior of the emulsion without such addition,

Alo

be characterized by having a nitrogen content' *f within a range `such that it is soluble in waterimmiscible organic solvents. The viscosity vtype and other characteristics of the nitrocellulose' will be dictated by the requirements ofthe ultimate use for which the emulsion is intended. Further, the nitrocellulose solution may include any of the usual solvents, diluents, or.solvent mixtures generally used in lacquers or enamels, or desired to be used,.depending upon the ulti.- mate use for which the emulsion is intended, so long as the solution is sufllcientlyimmiscible with water so that its emulsiiication withv water may be eiected. Thus, for example, solvents such as butyl'acetate, butylA propionate, 4amyl acetate, butyl butyrate, butyl lactate, amyl propionat'e, amyl butyrate, vsecondary hexyl acetate, octyl acetate, methyl cyclohexanone,l'methyl Vn-amyl ketone, di-iso-'propyl ketone, methyl iso-butyl-ketone, methyl n-butyl ketone,'cyclohexanol= acetate, fenchone, etc., .may be used, 'while' xylol, ff

highash solvent naphtha, petroleum naphtha, toluol, amyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, etc. may be used as diluents. f

This viscosity of thesolution may likewise be as desired. i-In addition to nitrocellulose and a suitable solvent or solvent mixture, the nitrocellulose solution may contain any of the usual in-l gredients of lacquers and enamels; as a plasticizer,'such as, for example, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, etc., a gum or resin, such as, for example, dammar gum, ester gum, terpinene-maleic anhydride resin, glyptal type resins, etc., pigments, dyes .etc. which are generally or .which maybe desired to be included in order to give `required'r-'or desired characteristics to the film, coating, or

the like, to be ultimately formed through use of the emulsion.V The plasticizenand gum or resin will be oi' a type which is substantially insoluble when dried under the conditions of humidity underA which it willjltimately be used. Thus, if the original emulsion is of a formulation such that it dries toY a film which is badly blushed, theV organic liquid will ybe added tothe aqueous phase in relatively large proportions. 1f, on the other hand, the formulation is such that it dries to a reasonably good film which, however, is deficient in gloss, the nitrocellulosexsolvent.need-be added only in proportionsin the lower part o! therange of-15% to 40% 4to correct this deciency- In the case of emulsions intendedfor shipmentandstorage at temperatures belowthe normal freezing Vpoint of water, it may be desirable to add more of thevnitrocellulose solvent, to the aqueous phase thany would" be required to y.produce the desired improvement in the appearance of the nlm. The amount which is added willdepend upon the temperature towhich Ythe emulsion will be subjected and theamount of the particularorganic liquids topbeadded to prevent I ireezingat a given temperature can be Treadily calculated by wellfknowngmethods'.glThe amount of. the nitrocellulose solvent,` inIexcess ofy that which would otherwise befadded yto 'p roluce the in water, and Vthe'pigment or dye used will desrably be substantiallyfree of electrolytes.'4

The emulsion inaccordance with thisinven'- tion may, and preierably'fwill, contain an emulsfying agent. The emulsifying agent may be of any type and characteristic suitable for the purpose but will preferably, for. example; be asoap,

such as `sodium oleate, or the. like, sulphonated castor oil, sodiumlauryl sulfate, sodium oleyl sulfate, sodium myristyl sulfate, the sodium salt of butyl or isopropylnaphthalene sulfonicfacid, oleo Vglyceryl sulfate, methyl cellulose, sodium salt of sulfuric ester of glycerin mono-dodecyl ether, the sodium salt of dodecylrnercapto acetic acid, etc. The emulsifying agent will be u sed in varying amount depending upon the particular agent, and will preferably be a smallV amount not greatly exceeding 2%Y by weight of the aqueous phase. I f 4 The emulsion in vaccordance with this invention willordinarily contain a proportion o! Anitrocellulose solution to the aqueous phase within the ratioof 2:1 to 4:1 by weight, and desirably within the ratio4 of 2:1 to 3:1 by weight.

desired improvement in thef-appearanefof the film, has no appreciable deleterious eiecton the appearance of the nlm. f

The amountgotnitrocellulose solvent the aqueousphase will benot substantially in excess of its solubility inwaterand; may be added in amountthelrange of vabout 15% to -before emulsiilcation ofthe nitrocellulose-som tion tl'ierewithfv Preferably, 'the' nitrocellulose soiventandemulsifying agent, if u sedywmbe dissolved in-the iaifaterfand the nitrocelluloseso'- lution then `added withn agitation to eil'ectprelinfiinary`exxfiulsi'ilcationv and finally the preliminary emulsion kwill Ybe homogenized in VAany suitable manner, asfior` example, bypassing it amounts'indicated: Y

' Terpineneemalic anhydride' resin Qo. Sec hexylaceta e Sulfonated castorfo'il..-.. 1.' ""1 Organic liquid. A 1110. *v vtcr' vrt-Vv' I Y Ther a ve nitrocellulosefsolution was vmad intof L 15 inlExample Iglexceptefor the diiierencefinthe-g compositions@` 'ioff .the nitrocellulose, solution, ff Thus, vtwoand*one-'11201;Darts of :theabove' S0111? A n tion were emulsiiied Withonepart of achf of `a' series of kaqueouslgsolutions `of the compositivoiis,y l

Y describedin ExampleLl* f Y yi L-rt willl be appreciated -thatthe-boiifigranger ofithel solvents usedin:thedispersednitrocellulose f Diacetin solution containing'noV nitrocellulose solvent was dried to a film on a glass plate atajrelative' humidityof 40.45 the resulting mms had a distinct hazy blufsh andwere very rough due -to blush Y spots, so that` they were totally unsatisfactory as A protective and decorative coatings. In'conpari-` son, the emulsionsL prepared withY the aqueous solution containing the various nitrocellulose solsions which contained 30%fof'nitrocellulose so1.

' vent in the aqueous phase dried to films showingA ino blush- Whatever. VThe/er'nulsions which con- The iilms for emulsions which contained 20% ofv the remaining nitrocellulose solvent'listedjabove; showed a slight-haze, while all ofthe-emulsions containing as'little as 10% vnitrocellulose solventin the aqueous phase showeda slight haze. :In .3 every'case the general appearance ofvthe'iilm,v` aside from the haze or blushing iwas Ymaterially improved by the use` of the organic liquid. n be appreciated In the above lexample itV ill that the addition offa'nitrocellulose solvent to theA aqueousv phase of nitrocellulose emulsion'which ywas Worthless for thedproduction of protective V`and decorativefcoatings, at forty per cent rela:

' tive humidity, made them suitablee-fror'xsuch' purposes. g

When Vthe above series of yemulsions ,werefap-j Y plied to water absorbent and porous surfacesjsuchf Vas paper vand wood the same distinct improvef` vl ments in film appearance were obtained..` In 'apnplication to suchsurfaces, however,a smaller gj y y I Y any well lm ownfor.A desired yformula.:suchasfare "jproductivevsof,"for example, ,lacquers, enamels, Y

fandA the jlike, as 10118 ask the 'solution is 'substan-v vttaury immistibie with waterrl 'rneemulsions nay' be. off'anyi desired viscosity within 'widen-limits; iandmely bejadaptable for applicationto surfacesbysprayingi brushing, orlthe like. 1

amount of organic solventjin'the vwater phase Vis rorganic solventarelrequired 1n the wateriphase when Vthe emulsionfcoating is dried atan elevated temperature.

f solution as VWellas the relative humidity atwhich the :film is driedwillfbe aninuencing factor in regardtol the amount of lorganic solvent necessary kto'beadded to the aqueous phase to obtain the Y' desired clearandsmoothillmfg-With'high boiling solvents such aszootylY acetateiilmsfree of Vlfalushican'be obtainedat relatively lowsh'umidities'; A

.without the uselof orga ic solvents inltheaqueous vents dried toedistinctly better mms. The emula, 1mm- ThesefhoWe-Ve-fiare-chrciezed W510i?" dryingV as'comparedwithlms of equal' appear-Y `a'ncexlaid downby theexa'm'ple's, containing orfgancsolventintheiaqueous'phase, given above. Even with these high/boiling'y solvent mixtures an rincreased gloss canfbe realized b y small additionsV of organic solvent to the iaqueousjsolution.

'Itwillalsobe fully appreciated thatthefafddition"Y of I a Vnitrocellulose "solvent to the'aqueous ,Y f Vphase'of'any nitrocellulose emulsion will improve J g f Vthe appearanceof' the viilm prOdUed, and'thisisl f truel. even in the Vcase ofthe nestnitrocellulose,v 'emulS-OliSi: A' 'I Y' {,iB'y *way of illustration ofthe effect of the addition; of a nitrocellulose `solvent to the aqueous -phasejof va nitrocellulose von `the'rfreezing of the Y lemulsion, .for example, 15 ,of acetonecontained l in the aqueous external phase, in accordancerrwith j y, Vthis invention, will.protect the-emulsion from u jfreezing at temperatures as, lowfasabout 23F, g Again 30% acetoneL contained 'in [the aqueous Y phase willtprotecttheernulsion against freezing fat ,temperatures 'las low as about A+99 As has beerijindicated if a nitrocellulose solvent of difv ferent molecular' weight f rom that ofacetone is;

usedjthe amount of organic-liquid ne'ces'sarito'Y Aprotect the Vemulsion at any given temperature A will differ fromfthat ,requiredwwhenvacetone isv `used. f.

Einulsionsgin accordanceA withihis invention V- Vmayinclude nitrocellulosesolutions made uplon It will be understoodthat it is not intended that this inventionshall be limited insscope by Y about 15% to about 40% of an organic material characterized by a solubility of at leastj10% by weight in Water and by solvent a'ction'for theY nitrocellulose contained in the water-immiscible Solution.

This applica-tionis a continuation-in-part'of Y my application for United States Patent Serial No. 754,862, led November 26, 1934, and Serial' No. 127,294, led February 23, 1937.

I claim: i

` l. A stable'emulsion comprising a substantially Water-immiscible solution of nitrocellulose dispersed in internal phase in water, in which the aqueous'phase containsin solution in the, water about 30% by weight of an organic material which is a solvent for nitrocellulose, the nitrocellulose solution having a weight'ratio to the aqueous phase between about 2 l and about 4 1, the emulsion being capable of forming unblushed films and protective 'coatingsof improved'smooththe organic material is acetone.

ness upon drying at a relative humidity of .4D-45% and being improvedsin resistance torbreaking iat temperatures below the freezing point ofwater.

2. A stable emulsion comprisingasubstantiauy water-immiscible lacquer solution' comprising nitrocellulose, plasticizex,` and resin dispersed in internal phase in water containing an emulsifying agent, in which the aqueous phase contains in solution in the'water about 30% by weight of an organic material which is a solventv for nitrocellulose; the nitrocellulose solution having fa weight ratio to the aqueous phase between about 2 :1 and about 4 1, the emulsion being capable Vof forming unblushed films and protective coat-v 5. An emulsionfas defined in -claimll'in which MALCOLM Y(3. MOORE 

